African American s Journey For A Self Identity - 1981 Words

Aicha Sane Due: 03/30/16 HUMA 1170: The Modern Age Research Essay African American s journey for a self-identity—the aching to achieve reluctant masculinity. Although allowed opportunity, citizenship, and suffrage by the Civil War corrections, the liberated African American individual had yet to be seen as a man by white society—and, regularly, without anyone else. By the reality of being African American, one qualified as an issue. By the certainty of being African American, one needed to keep up a double-consciousness— taking a gander at oneself first through the eyes of white society. How does selfhood survive these hindrances? How does one keep up dignity in this environment? Where does one discover comfort from the strife?†¦show more content†¦Washington, an African-American teacher who trusted that African American individuals could progress speedier through diligent work than by requests for equivalent rights. While Washington didn t feel as though African American individuals ought to request uniformity without a moment s delay, Du Bois requested quick African American correspondence. Keeping in mind Washington thought the most sensible methodology was for blacks to get away from the neediness they were buried in by accentuating more on their employments than at school, Du Bois needed blacks to be incorporated by being school instructed and having the right assets. Du Bois trusted that African American individuals ought to continually take a stand in opposition to separation by words as well as by case. In this manner, after his goals, Du Bois really turned into the principal African American to acquire a Ph.D. from Harvard University in 1895. Then, all through what was left of his life, Du Bois composed twenty-two books and built up four scholastic diaries. Among them was one of his most well known books called The Souls of Black Folk. A phenomenal book to explain the double identity faced by the African American’s actions through which permeated the basic and main question of survival in the world of hatred and rejection, life under the veil. All of us stand out through numerous stories and anecdotes through which the author tries to make it easier for us to understand the sacrifice,

The Lust Lizard of Melancholy Cove Chapter 21 Free Essays

string(121) " some fifty years ago, and going back another five thousand, he had become accustomed to eating his lovers after mating\." Twenty-one Gabe and Theo â€Å"This is where I found the aberrant rats,† Gabe said as they pulled into the Fly Rod Trailer Court. â€Å"That’s nice,† Theo said, not really paying attention. â€Å"Did I tell you I got the brain chemistry back from Stanford? It’s interesting, but I’m not sure that it explains the behavior. We will write a custom essay sample on The Lust Lizard of Melancholy Cove Chapter 21 or any similar topic only for you Order Now † â€Å"Not now, Gabe, please.† Theo slammed on the brakes and the truck rocked to a stop. â€Å"What the hell?† There were no lights on in Molly Michon’s trailer. In the empty lot next door, a dozen well-dressed adults stood in a circle, holding candles. â€Å"Prayer meeting?† Gabe ventured. â€Å"It’s Sunday night.† â€Å"There was a trailer there last time I was here,† Theo said. â€Å"Just like the one on the ranch.† â€Å"I know. This is the lot where I found the rats with the low serotonin levels.† Theo shut off the truck, set the parking brake, and climbed out. Then he looked back at Gabe. â€Å"You found your rats right here?† â€Å"The six that I could find. But this is where the other ones that were last tracked disappeared as well. I can show you the graphic later.† â€Å"That would be good.† Theo pulled his flannel shirt over the guns in his waistband and approached the circle. Skinner jumped out of the truck and ran ahead. Gabe reluctantly followed. They did, indeed, seem to be praying. Their heads were bowed and a woman in a powder-blue dress and pillbox hat was leading the group. â€Å"Bless us, Lord, for we have felt the stirrings of your power within us and heeded your call to come to this holy place on the eve of†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Skinner drove his nose into the woman’s crotch, and she yipped like a bee-stung poodle. Everyone in the group looked up. â€Å"Excuse me,† Theo said. â€Å"I don’t mean to interrupt, but what are you all doing here?† Several of the men looked irritated and stepped up behind the powder-blue woman to give support. The woman held Skinner’s nose away from her dress while trying to keep the candle flame away from her hair spray. â€Å"Constable Crowe? Is that right?† â€Å"Yes, ma’am,† Theo said. The woman was younger than he was by at least five years and pretty in a Texas Big Hair sort of way, but her dress and manner of speaking made him feel as if he’d just been busted by his first-grade teacher for eating paste. â€Å"We’ve been called here, Constable,† the woman explained. She reached behind her, grabbed the shoulder of a woman who looked like her clone in pink, and pulled her forward. Skinner stamped the pink woman’s dress with the Wet-Nose Inspection Seal. â€Å"Margie and I felt it first, but when we started talking about it after services this afternoon, all these other people said that they had felt drawn to this place as well. The Holy Spirit has moved us here.† â€Å"Ask them if they’ve seen any rats.† Gabe said. â€Å"Call your dog,† Theo tossed over his shoulder. Gabe called Skinner and the Labrador looked around. They smell fine to me, Food Guy. I say fuck ’em, Skinner thought. But he got no response except a minor scolding. â€Å"The Holy Spirit called you here?† Theo said. Everyone in the group nodded earnestly. â€Å"Did any of you happen to see the woman who lives in that trailer next door?† The pink lady chimed in, â€Å"Oh yes, she was the one to call our attention to this place two nights ago. We wondered about that at first, being as how she is and all, but then Katie pointed out† – she gestured to her friend – â€Å"that our Lord Jesus spent time with Mary Magdalene, and she, as I’m sure you know, was – well – she was†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"A whore,† Theo offered. â€Å"Well. Yes. And so we thought, who are we to judge?† â€Å"Very charitable of you,† Theo said. â€Å"But have you seen Molly Michon tonight?† â€Å"No, not tonight.† Theo felt his energy reserves drain even more. â€Å"Look, folks, you shouldn’t be here. I’m not sure it’s safe. Some people have gone missing†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"Oh, that poor boy,† Margie said. â€Å"Yes and maybe some others. I have to ask you all to take your meeting somewhere else, please.† The group looked disappointed. One of the men, a portly bald fellow in his fifties, puffed himself up and stepped forward. â€Å"Constable, we have the right to worship when and where we please.† â€Å"I’m just thinking of your safety,† Theo said. â€Å"This country was founded on the basis of religious freedom, and†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Theo stepped up to the man and loomed over him with all of his six-footsix frame, â€Å"Then start praying that I don’t throw you in jail with the biggest, horniest sodomite the country jail has to offer, which is what I’m going to do if you all don’t go home right now.† â€Å"Smooth,† Gabe said. Make him roll over and pee on himself, Skinner thought. The bald man made a harumph sound and turned to the group. â€Å"Let’s meet at the church to discuss the removal of our local law enforcement official.† â€Å"Yeah, get in line,† Theo said. He watched as the group dispersed to their cars and drove away. When the last one pulled out, Gabe said, â€Å"Theories?† Theo shook his head. â€Å"Everyone in this town is nuts. I’m going to check Molly’s trailer, but I doubt she’s there. Do you want me to take you home to shower and change clothes before your date?† Gabe looked down at his stained work pants and safari shirt. â€Å"Do you think I should?† â€Å"Gabe, you’re the only guy I know that makes me look suave.† â€Å"You’re coming along, right?† â€Å"Casanova,† Theo said. â€Å"Compared to you, I feel like Casanova.† â€Å"What?† Gabe said. â€Å"It’s fried chicken night at H.P.’s.† Steve Steve lay under a stand of cypress trees, his new lover snuggled up to his right foreleg, snoring softly. He let his tongue slide out and the tip just brushed her bare back. She moaned and nuzzled closer to his leg. She tasted pretty good. But he had eaten all those other warmbloods and he wasn’t really hungry. When he had been a female, some fifty years ago, and going back another five thousand, he had become accustomed to eating his lovers after mating. You read "The Lust Lizard of Melancholy Cove Chapter 21" in category "Essay examples" That’s just how it was done. But as a male, he wasn’t sure. He hadn’t mated with his own species since he’d become male, and so the instinct to become passive after mating was new to him. He just didn’t feel like eating the warmblood. She had made him feel better, and for some reason, he could see the pictures of her thoughts instead of just sending his own sig-nals. He sensed no fear in her, and no need to send the signal to draw her to him. Strange for a warmblood. He lay his head down on the bed of cypress needles to sleep and let his wounds heal. He could eat her later. Somewhere in the back of his brain, as he fell asleep, a fear alarm went off. In five thousand years of life, he had never conceived of the concept of later or before, only now. His DNA had rechained itself many times, adapted to changes without waiting for the life cycles of generations – he was a unique organism in that way – but the concept of time, of memory beyond the cellular level, was a new adapt-ation. Through his contact with Molly he was evolving consciousness, and like the pragmatic mechanism that it is, nature was trying to warn him. The nightmare was about to have a nightmare. Val Is this a date? Val sat alone at a table in the back of H.P.’s Cafe. She’d ordered a glass of a local chardonnay and was trying to form an opinion about it that would reflect the appropriate disgust, but unfortunately, it was quite good. She was wearing light evening makeup and an understated raw silk suit in indigo with a single string of pearls so as not to clash too badly with her date, who she knew would be in jeans or cotton khaki. Her date? If this is a date, how far have I sunk? she asked herself. This tacky little cafe in this tacky little town, waiting for a man who had probably never worn a tux or a Rolex, and she was looking forward to it. No, it’s not a date. It’s just dinner. It’s sustenance. It’s, for once, not eating alone. Slumming in the land of the folksy and the neighborly, that’s what it is. It’s a satirical performance art experience; call it The Bourgeois Fried Chicken Follies. It was one thing to read her journals over coffee in the local cafe, but dinner? Gabe Fenton came through the front door and Val felt her pulse quicken. She smiled in spite of herself as she watched the waitress point to her table. Then Theo Crowe was following Gabe across the restaurant and a bolt of anxiety shot up her spine. This definitely isn’t a date. Gabe smiled and the lines around his eyes crinkled as if he were about to burst out laughing. He extended his hand to her. â€Å"Hi, I hope you don’t mind, I asked Theo to join us.† His hair was combed, as was his beard, and he was wearing a faded but clean chambray shirt. Not exactly dashing, but a pretty good-looking guy in a lumber-jack sort of way. â€Å"No, please,† Val said. â€Å"Sit down, Theo.† Theo nodded and pulled a chair up to the table, which had been set for two. The waitress breezed in with another place setting before they were seated. â€Å"I’m sorry to intrude,† Theo said, â€Å"but Gabe insisted.† â€Å"No, really, you’re welcome, Constable.† â€Å"Theo, please.† â€Å"Theo then,† Val said. She forced a smile. What now? The last time she had talked to this man it had thrown her life for a loop. She found herself building a resentment for Gabe that was usually reserved for relationships that were years old. Theo cleared his throat. â€Å"Uh, can we go on the doctor-patient confidentiality plan again, Doctor?† Val nodded to Gabe, â€Å"That usually implies a session. Not dinner.† â€Å"Okay, then, don’t say anything, but Joseph Leander killed his wife.† Val didn’t say, â€Å"Wow.† Almost, but she didn’t. â€Å"And you know this because†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"Because he told me so,† Theo said. â€Å"He gave her tea made from foxglove. Evidently, it can cause heart failure and is almost undetectable. Then he hung her in the dining room.† â€Å"So you’ve arrested him?† â€Å"No, I don’t know where he is.† â€Å"But you’ve put a warrant out for his arrest or whatever it is that you do? â€Å"No, I’m not sure that I’m still the constable.† Gabe broke in. â€Å"We’ve been talking about it, Val. I say that Theo is an elected official, and therefore the only way he can lose his job is through impeachment, even if his immediate superior tries to kill him. What do you think?† â€Å"Kill him?† â€Å"Smooth,† Theo said, grinning at Gabe. â€Å"Oh, maybe you should tell her about the crank lab and stuff, Theo.† And so Theo explained, telling the story of his kidnapping, the drug lab, Joseph Leander’s disappearance, and Molly Michon setting him free, but leaving out any theories he had about a giant creature. During the telling, they ordered (fried chicken for Theo and Gabe, a Greek salad for Val) and were halfway through dinner before Theo stopped talking. Val stared at her salad and silence washed over the table. If there was going to be a murder investigation, she could be found out. And if they found out what she had done to her patients, her career was over. She might even go to jail. It wasn’t fair, she really had tried to do the right thing for once. She resisted the urge to blurt out a confession – to throw herself on the mercy of a court born of sheer paranoia. Instead she raised her eyes to Gabe, who took the signal to break the silence. Gabe said, â€Å"And I still don’t know the significance of the low serotonin levels in the rats’ brains.† â€Å"Huh?† said not only Val and Theo, but the waitress, Jenny, who had been eavesdropping from the next table and joined the confusion at Gabe’s non sequitur. â€Å"Sorry,† Gabe said to Val. â€Å"I thought you might have a take on the brain chemistry of those rats I had tested. You said you were interested.† â€Å"And I am,† Val said, lying through her teeth, â€Å"but I’m a little overwhelmed by the news about Bess Leander.† â€Å"Right, anyway, the group of rats that didn’t take part in the mass migration all had unusually low levels of serotonin. The brain chemistry of the larger group, the group that ran, was all in normal ranges. So I’m thinking that†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"They were depressed,† Val said. â€Å"Pardon me?† Gabe said. â€Å"Of course they’re depressed, they’re rats,† Theo said. Gabe glared at him. â€Å"Well, imagine waking up to that every morning,† Theo continued. â€Å"‘Oh, it’s a great day, crap, I’m still a rat. Never mind.'† â€Å"Well, I don’t know about rats,† Val said, â€Å"but serotonin levels in humans affect a lot of different things, predominantly mood. Low levels of serotonin can indicate depression. That’s how Prozac works. It basically keeps sero-tonin in the brain to keep the patient from getting depressed. So maybe Gabe’s rats were too depressed to run.† Gabe stroked his beard. â€Å"I never thought of that. But it doesn’t help that much. It doesn’t tell me why the majority of the rats did run.† â€Å"Well, duh, Gabe,† Theo said. â€Å"It’s the fucking monster.† â€Å"What?† Val said. â€Å"What?† said Jenny, who was lingering nearby. â€Å"Can we get some dessert menus?† Gabe asked, sending Jenny backing across the restaurant. â€Å"Monster?† Val said. â€Å"Maybe you’d better explain, Gabe,† Theo said. â€Å"I think your scientific skepticism will make it sound more credible.† Val’s jaw dropped visibly as she listened to Gabe talk about the tracks at the ranch, the mutilated cattle, and Theo’s theory for the disappearances of Joseph Leander, Mikey Plotznik, and perhaps Les from the hardware store. When Gabe brought up Molly Michon, Val stopped him. â€Å"You can’t believe what she tells you. Molly is a very disturbed woman.† â€Å"She didn’t tell me anything,† Theo said. â€Å"I just think she knows something about all this.† Val wanted to call up Theo’s drug history to sweep the story aside, then she remembered what Estelle Boyet had told her in therapy. â€Å"I’m not going to say who, but one of my patients mentioned a sea monster in session.† Gabe asked. â€Å"Who?† â€Å"I can’t say,† Val said. â€Å"Estelle Boyet,† Jenny said as she came up to get the dessert order. â€Å"Damn,† Val said. â€Å"I wasn’t the one who told you,† she said to Theo. â€Å"Well, she was talking about it over breakfast with that Catfish guy,† Jenny added. â€Å"No dessert,† Val snapped at Jenny. â€Å"I’ll bring the check.† â€Å"So Estelle has seen it?† Theo asked. â€Å"No, she says she’s heard it. She’s not the type to propagate a hoax, but I wouldn’t put it past Molly Michon. Perhaps that’s where the rumor started. I can ask Estelle.† â€Å"Do that,† Theo said. â€Å"But it’s not a hoax. My car is smashed. That’s evidence. I’m going to Molly’s tonight and wait for her. The door was unlocked when I checked earlier and I can’t go home.† â€Å"You think it’s that dangerous?† Val asked. â€Å"I know it is.† Theo stood and started to pull some bills from his pocket. Gabe waved him off. Theo said, â€Å"Doctor, can you give Gabe a ride?† â€Å"Sure, but†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"Thanks,† Theo said. â€Å"I’ll call you, Gabe. Thanks for letting me join you, Doctor. I thought you’d want to know about Bess. I’m afraid I’ve ruined your date.† I’ll say, Val thought as she watched Theo leave the restaurant. A sense of alert exhaustion washed over her like an espresso fog bank. â€Å"He just quit smoking pot,† Gabe said. â€Å"He’s feeling the stress.† â€Å"He has a right to. You don’t believe any of that stuff about a monster, do you?† â€Å"I have some theories.† â€Å"Would you like to come up to the house and explain them over a bottle of wine?† â€Å"Really? I mean, sure, that would be nice.† â€Å"Good,† Val said. â€Å"I think I need to get hammered and I’d like your company.† Had she used the term â€Å"hammered† since college? She didn’t think so. â€Å"I’ll get the check,† Gabe said. â€Å"Of course you will.† â€Å"I hope you don’t mind having a dog in your car,† Gabe said. I’m not slumming, she thought. I’ve moved to the slums. How to cite The Lust Lizard of Melancholy Cove Chapter 21, Essay examples

Mental Process Paper free essay sample

There are four styles of creative intelligence. Each style of creative intelligence will have an influence on how decisions are made within any organization. There are also mental models and mindsets that will change or influence aspects of an organization and these mental models and mindsets are also influenced by the five forces. Throughout this paper, I will compare and contrast each of the creative intelligence’s and how they influence organizational decision making, how the five forces influence mental models and mindsets, and how these mental models and mindsets could limit the decision-making process. Compare and Contrast The four styles of creative intelligence are: intuition, imagination, innovation, and inspiration. Intuition is where one uses his or her results and relies on past experience to guide decisions making (Rowe, 2004). With intuition, one literally uses past experiences or numbers to help guide what he or she will do. Intuition is important, as one learns from his or her past, therefore he or she is able to use this style of creative intelligence to create or develop a better outcome. Imagination style of creative intelligence targets a set of individuals who has traits such as strong leadership, enjoys writing, and artistic (Rowe, 2004). This intelligence is important within an organization, because he or she can look past the normal situations, have great coping skills and have the ability to use his or her imagination to come up with better ideas that others may not have thought of. This style will more to the future than the past for ideas. Inspiration style focuses on social change and presenting dedication to change an end result (Rowe, 2004). These individuals focus on positive energy that remains focused, logical, and motivated within the organization. He or she will look at what is going on within the current situation in the  company and be inspired to come up with plans and solutions for the future. The fourth styles of innovation are usually individuals that have a mindset of positive energy, and he or she will remain focused, logical, and motivated. More often than not, an innovative individual focuses on current situations and he or she is able to use current process and create new and upgraded things. The four styles of creative intelligence have their own place within an organization. While some focus on historical data, some focus more on current data. Regardless of the focus, more information can be found by using all four. There are many aspects that could be overlooked, if all four styles were not used within an organization. Five Forces Influence The five forces are: environmental, heredity, education, genetic, and past experiences. These forces can influence mental models and mindsets in many ways. Some examples of mental models and mindsets are: customer –centric, business-centric, personal centric and innovative centric. A customer- centric individual can be heavily influenced by the environment and past experiences. This individual will take the environment he or she works as a way to better serve his or her customer. An example would be an individual that works in a retail store would have the tools available to do exactly what the customer needs. He or she can also use past experiences to help guide how the customer will be served. A business-centric individual would be influenced by his or her education. Many people will focus his or her careers on their past education. Education helps shape the way a business-centric individual will lead his or her career. His or her education helps guide the way their professional life will be ran. Education will teach many aspects of a job, which others may not be privy to. With this in mind, a business-centric individual would also have the ability to influence others, as he or she already has been taught how to do so. A personal-centric individual can be influenced by his or her heredity. So much of how that individual is, comes from within. This is simply a personal process that has been developed through how a person was raised, or developed. An innovative-centric individual can be influenced in many ways. Although this individual make focus on what is current, there are many things from the past experiences that may influence the way things are done. His or her current environment can inspire innovation, and that can easily be spread to others. Limits to the Decision-making Process Mental models and mindsets can easily limit the decision-making process. One of the easiest ways this can happen is when one is not willing to go beyond his or her mindset. This is why it is so important for an organization to have a well-balanced employee pool of all types of mental models and mindsets. If one was only customer-centric, and never willing to look at how he or she could develop process that will greatly improve the organization, the organization could never reach its fullest potential. An innovative-centric individual may limit how an organization could grow, if he or she was not willing to look at how the past experiences of the organization could influence the future, it could result in a lack of innovation and severely prohibit the organization from growing. One’s thought process or mindset can make or break an organization. If there is not a balance of different types of mindsets, or employees who are willing and able to adapt to change, man limitations could occur with any company. My Mental Model / Mindset I am very customer –centric. As I work in retail, this has benefited me over the years tremendously. This aspect of my life has definitely influenced my decision making in all aspects of my life. I always focus on how my decision will affect others, and I am always looking at ways that I am able to satisfy the majority of people. I also use information from as many sources as possible to make the best decisions for all. Conclusion Creative intelligence is used in all types of business. It is imperative that there are all types of employees within an organization that have a variety of mental mindsets. As an organization evolves, so does the employees that work there. By embracing these differences, an organization will have the ability to grow and develop new ideas much more easily than one that does not have a well-balanced team. There is no wrong or right mental mindset, just how it is used.

Soccer free essay sample

Neymar da silva santos junior Neymar is a Brazilian football players he is one of the most popular and best football player in the word and he is only twenty years old. He play in Santos CF but he has offers of the best football clubs around the word he is the most wanted player in Europe and he is probably the future of the national team. He start playing football very young and in 2003 Neymar join Santos football club academy, at the age of 15 he earn 10,000 real per month. In 2009 he earn the opportunity to be in the first team of Santos CF. Then he start to show his real potential and he became the new idol of Brazil. This young player of just 4 years of his professional career has achieve a lot of goals and he has earn a lot of trophies like the silver medal of the Olympic games and the best player of the paulista championship in 2012. We will write a custom essay sample on Soccer or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The only problem with Neymar is that he doesn? t want to emigrate to Europe yet he wants to stay in Brazil but as Pele said ? If he want to be the best he must be with the best? o he must emigrate to Europe that’s what most people think and that may happen this winter and in my opinion if Neymar decide to emigrate to Europe he can be better than Messi, Maradona and even Pele who is the greatest football player in history. References http://www. squidoo. com/Neymar#module147735293, Copyright  © 2012, Squidoo, LLC and respective copyright owners http://www. neymaroficial. com/Carreira, Copyright 2012. Site Oficial do Jogador Neymar Jr | desenvolvido por Insanemedia / WooW! Brasil | marketing digita http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Neymar

machavelli essays

machavelli essays Lately, the president of the United States Bill Clinton, has pursued some policies that have been very unpopular not only with the general public but the electorate as well. Besides the whole Monica ordeal he feels that these unpopular policies will effect the results of the next election. The presidential advisors have formulated countless plans but no plan has seemed to work. One idea would be to leave the unpopular policies as they are because of the president and advisors belief that they are the best for the country. Another option would be to just present the unpopular policies in a new way to maybe change public opinion on them. Still another would be to just ignore the policies and concentrate on the election. No matter what option , if any, should be chosen one must be thought up quick and it must not only address the problem but solve it and fast. Since I have recently learned about Machiavelli and his work titled The Prince I feel his opinions would help to influence some decisions for the president and his advisors. A first and very important view of Machiavelli would be his view of the prince and his advisors. It is an infallible rule that a prince who is not wise himself cannot be well advised.(p.117) As it is up to the prince to be well advised it is also up to the president to be well advised as well. The presidents advisors, as well as the president, are not sure what actions to take, which in Machiavellis view would not be a good characteristic of a leader and as a result would not help gain friendship of the people. Good relationship with the people is one of his greatest points because without the people there is no leader. The leader, the president, must have the support of the people and if not he will not stay in power long. The president is not doing a good job of this because of his very unpopular poli ...

A Jury of Her Peers

A Jury of Her Peers Essay Susan Glaspells A Jury of Her Peers is an ethic drama that presents us with a mirror image of a society where men are considered superior to women in all actions. This drama take are reader, not on a murder mystery, but rather a strong human compassion of help for those in need.Author of this drama supports Minnie Fosters act of killing her husband, John Wright as a sign of standing up for herself. Even though killing someone in revenge of a dead bird seems to be meaningless, it has a much deeper meaning if seen through the eye of Minnie Foster. In this drama, the author uses characters and symbols to make the reader aware of the social injustice done to women, and in order to evoke a sense of self-worth in women reader. The characters in A jury of her peers plays a role which knowledges a reader about the horrors of the time period when the story takes place. Simply by the name Mr. Wright, tells us that men are always right when it comes to opposition against women. Men in this st ory are shown to be superior to their sub species, women. It shows us that anything a man does is always right even though it might be wrong, where else a thing that can be considered right, done by a women is shown to be wrong. This fact can be supported by the character of John Wright who is an abusive husband. Even though he treats his wife improperly, his actions are not condemned; where as Minnies character, who killing her husband just to stand up for herself is shows to be wrong.In this story men are given a bad role just to make a reader aware of that fact that how women were ones treated in our society. Women in this story play a major role not just because they are more talked about but simply because it makes a women reader to stand up for herself imagining themselves as the character in the drama, just as Minnie Fosters character did for herself by killing her husband. The author portrays the fact on women by giving them the role where they are inferior to men and that they have no voice or demands. even though the story revolves around Minnie Foster, Marth Hale can be considered as the main character . she is the protagonist in this drama and also a flat character. Even though she is a typical rural housewife, she shows her loyalty to her friend and supports her action of killing her husband from the very first . This loyalty to women follows her throughout the story and shows her ability to look past a situation and tell what is really happening in the lives of others. The next major character is Mrs. Peters, the sheriffs wife. The fact that she breaks that loyalty to save an a cquaintances distant friend that she only knows what she sees in her house about allows you to see the depths of the bonds of the sisterhood of women in need. This makes her the round character in the story. The author evokes vivid pictures in our imagination as we read this thought provoking story by using a bird, a cage, and a quilt. The term knotting a quilt is a parallel to the knot used in the rope to kill Mr. Wright. The quilt symbolizes Mrs. Hale and Mrs. Peters who join together as the jury that acquits Minnie of murder. Perhaps the symbol extends to a sisterhood joined together to eliminate spousal abuse. The cage symbolizes Minnies life spent trapped in the confines of a lonely existence, unable to seek adequate emotional or spiritual sustenance. By breaking open the cage door, Minnies husband had set her pent up emotions free to strike out like a hawk. READ: Building the atomic bomb EssayThe bird represents Minnies happy spirit and peaceful nature, killed by her husband for reasons we may never surely know. the killing of the bird that be associated as killing of Minnies own life. . The main purpose of the author in this drama is to make the reader aware of the social problem facing their society. No matter how excellently or how vividly symbols and character are presented in this drama we still are haunted by the disturbing actions that man species cast on the women species. This story makes a woman reader to reconsider her theory of loyalty towards her husbands; and makes a man reader to rejudged their actions on women, mainly his wife.

Draw their Veils over Their Bosoms Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Draw their Veils over Their Bosoms - Essay Example Though Muslim women are not this secluded in the modern life, they have to seclude themselves from head to toe. This document shows the religious beliefs of Islamic people. Though there is nowhere in the Quran where it is indicated that women should be secluded from head to toe, women are expected to do so. This shows in a way that women are discriminated against and there are activities that men undertake but women are not expected to follow suit. However, it also shows that Islamic people value their religion. They had to follow in the footsteps of Prophet Muhammad. The article has had an impact on the lives of Muslim women today. It is quite difficult to find an Islamic women walking around exposing themselves (Duiker & Spielvogel, 2009). There are instances where these Muslim women wear veils that only leave a space for their eyes especially. This mostly happens to the not yet married ones. Moreover, Islamic women do not interact with the male gender unless in it is very important. They are only allowed to interact freely with their

Business planing Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4500 words

Business planing - Assignment Example tract, extended warranty, free mobile phone pickup and drop facility for registered customers are sure to enable the managers to position the company competitively in the market. Currently, the US economy is considerably stable with an invariable interest rate. Inflation rate is also very less compared to other countries. The lower interest rate and inflation will allow the company to reduce the operating costs as well as the cost of sales which in turn will enable the managers to increase the margin of profit. The economic legislations in the US are considerably flexible and it encourages new business to come forth and set up their foundations which in turn will add to the growth of the economy. Given the fact that San Diego is the third most populated city in California, it provides Zaet Mobile home accessory with enormous scope to target a large base of potential customers. The total number of households in this part of the country stands at nearly 1 million with an average household income of $61,426 (Simons, 2011). The middle class to upper middle class income range stand between $75,000 and $215,000 (Pontuch, 2012). The high income earners earn more than $215,000 per year (Sillard, 2013). The large population combined with a high concentration of stable income households provides a ready market for Zaet Mobile home accessory which can be targeted in order to achieve business development and growth (Sillard, 2013). Zaet Mobile home accessory will be primarily engaged in the repair and maintenance services of mobile phones. The services will be extended to households in San Diego California. In addition, the business will also be selling mobile phone accessories such as cases, headphones, chargers, Bluetooth headsets and earphones. Alongside providing repairing and maintenance services of mobile phones, the company will also be providing consultancy services to its customers regarding the optimal usage of mobile phones and other associated accessories.

Computers and Ethics in the Workplace Essay Example for Free

Computers and Ethics in the Workplace Essay This paper discusses issues with ethics that have derived in the workplace as a result of the use of business computers. The definition of computer ethics is simple; they are a set of moral principles that intend to help with the regulation of the use of computers. Some common problems with computer ethics consist of privacy concerns, intellectual property rights, and the way computers have an effect on people. In other words, computer ethics refers to the ways people take ethical traditions and test, stretch, apply, negotiate and break in the realm of computer technology. As technology continues to evolve, there are a great deal of ethical issues and principles of behavior concerning privacy and accurateness for managerial leaders to deal with. In finding the issues of ethics that the Technology Age has brought to the workplace, organizations must be hands-on when it is time to highlight ethical use of technology by employees. Making sure that employees are knowledgeable on the proper policies the organization has on computer ethics. Promoting good computer ethics is a great way for companies to keep morale high and unnecessary issues from arising in the workplace. Introduction As technology like computers progresses, they will continue to contain a larger impact on people in today’s society. For that reason, computer ethics supports the how some debate on just how much influence computers need to have in human communication. With computers evolving constantly, ethical standards will continue to be constructed by computer ethics and will always have newer concerns that come from recent technology. With the new changes in technology like computers, more supervisors are coping with having to manager employees for proper use of company computers; they have to stay informed of all new ethical problems and the laws that were created to enforce ethics with workers. These are problematic areas, particularly with the arrival of the World Wide Web. To date, there have been problems with employees using company computers for purposes other than work. This subject has become more of a problem in today’s society and has been addressed by employers through monitoring computer usage, creating ritten policies, and enforcing other tactics to teach and inflict the ethics of computer use to employees at all levels. This paper topic was inspired through my own experience of an employer who felt that productivity was lower than past years, due to employees who utilized the Internet for reasons other than work. Today, we have monitored email and they are able to tell what Internet sites we visit daily and the duration of the time we are on that site. I must say as an employee, I felt violated for not being able to utilize the Internet throughout the day, as I am someone who still gets my work done each day no matter what. But I can see their reasoning behind and cannot blame them for keeping an eye out. Current Situation Ethics is a set of truthful principles that oversee the actions of people. As a result, computer ethics goes hand in hand with ethics with the intention to control how employees use computers. Often times, frequent issues with computer ethics consist of privacy concerns, intellectual property rights, and the way computers have an effect on people. In other words, computer ethics refers to the ways people take ethical traditions and test, stretch, apply, negotiate and break in the realm of computer technology. A current study shows how computers are making a heavy affect on ethics at work. One study said that almost half of the people they polled said they have participated in some kind of unethical act that relates to computers at work in the last 12 months. Another study found that one out of six working people believes conventional thoughts of moral and immoral have been superseded by new technologies (Websense and Saratoga Institute). These days, its almost impossible for one to keep up with how fast technology advances and has a significant influence on how we do business these days. Corporations, management and employees have to be able to keep up with the changing times in order to be competitive in their profession. The Internet creates an interesting predicament, with many employees utilizing it at work on a daily. The main concern is whether communication and information by way of the Internet should be monitored; this concerns both business and personal communications at work. This issue of employees and the Internet at work is a concern of many employers and managers, because in most cases it affects productivity

Slaughterhouse Five: Billy Pilgrim and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) :: Slaughterhouse Five, Kurt Vonnegut

Within the novel Slaughterhouse Five, by Kurt Vonnegut, the character Billy Pilgrim claims to have come â€Å"unstuck† in time. Having survived through being a Prisoner of War and the destruction of Dresden during World War II, and having been a prisoner used to clear away debris of the destruction, there can be little doubt that Pilgrim’s mental state was unstable. Furthermore, it may be concluded that Pilgrim, due to the effects of having been a Prisoner of War, and having been witness to the full magnitude of destruction, suffered from Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, which caused him to review the events over and over during the course of his life. In order to understand how these factors, the destruction of Dresden and ‘PTSD’, came to make Billy Pilgrim â€Å"unstuck† in time, one must review over the circumstances surrounding those events. The human mind is a part of the body which current science knows little about. Trigger mechanisms, and other factors within the brain are relatively unknown to current humanity. Therefore, in order to produce a diagnostic on why Billy Pilgrim became â€Å"unstuck† in time, the reader of Slaughterhouse Five must come to terms with situations concerning the experiences described in the novel. Billy Pilgrim starts out, chronologically, as a fairly basic infantryman in the United States Army during the last Nazi offensive of the war, also known as the Battle of the Bulge (Vonnegut, 32). That battle resulted in fierce fighting, and also in massacres (such as the one that occurred near Malmedy, France), and the reader may be sure that there were men who became mentally unsound due to the effects of what they experienced there. Pilgrim is taken in by a group of soldiers who have found themselves behind the Nazi lines and are required to travel, by foot, back to friendly lines (V onnegut, 32). According to what research exists, severe hardship such as would exist on that journey could be enough to bring about a case of Acute Stress Disorder, but this combined with what followed afterward is certainly enough to bring about Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (National Institute of Mental Health, Symptoms of PTSD). Again, look towards the following: during the trek Billy Pilgrim doesn’t move as quickly as the other soldiers desire to move, and so he is often lagging behind, and often the subject of scorn.

Major Differences Between Islam and Judaism Essay

After doing some research on the religions Islam and Judaism, I’ve found many links between the two as well as many differences and similarities. Some major similarities are: Both religions are monotheistic, meaning belief in one only true God. Both religions believe in a distinct afterlife being either good or bad depending on how a person has led their life according to their religion. Judaism and Islam both have writings with describings of how one should live as a part of either religion (Qur’an and the Torah). There are rules regarding eating restrictions such as only being able to consume Halal (in the name of Allah) produced goods in Islam and eating Kosher meat in Judaism. Both religions have special holidays to celebrate various historical and spiritual events of their beliefs. Both religions have special headwear – a Jewish yarmulke worn by men during prayer and a hijab worn by Islamic women conforming to a standard of modesty. Some major differences are: Judaism is over one millenium older than Islam. Islam is a far more strict belief with many more demands and rules compared to Judaism. Judaism has a sabbath – day of rest while Islam believes that Allah – God does not need rest. Similarities include belief in one God, preserving the faith through prophets, scriptures and observance of religious laws through expression of faith or submission. The major difference is that while Islam acknowledges that the Old Testament once was Allah’s true revelation, they believe it was altered by the Jews to reflect Jewish views and opinions. The Jews are seen by Muslims as once having true revelation and submitting to Allah, but now being misled, unbelieving and no longer in submission. Both Judaism and Islam have changed over time. Judaism began with Abraham essentially promising to only worship the one true God in which God pledged to uphold a special relationship with Abraham’s descendants. Over time, God introduced the law to the people of Israel of which to observe their faith in him as the one and only God, but by the time of Jesus, the law had merely become a stone cold tradition and faith of something of the past. Islam, too, has changed over time though there are some uncertainties of the details. Islam began with Allah’s first revelation to Muhammad. It was mainly a warning to the Arabs who were practicing polygamy and worshipping false gods to turn to the one and only true Allah. Yet, there is a strong probability that Muhammad was simply influenced by Christian and Jewish traders coming through his city. The idea is that he wasn’t thoroughly impressed by their behavior, so he sought his own version of a monotheistic religion by adding commands from Allah regarding issues in life. Later on, people realized that the Qur’an didn’t fully cover how to be a muslim in everyday life. The Hadith was created. The Hadith is a saying or a sort of guidance sought to relate to how Muhammad or his close friends would have decided on a particular issue. These have some authority within Islam today. Believers of Judaism more or less see Islam as an attempted copy and distortion of Jewish monotheism because Islam dismisses the Jewish revelation in scripture and therefore seeks a path other than the one described in Jewish scripture. Also, Islam rejects Jews as God’s chosen people, which goes against the basic Jewish belief. The subject at hand could be, and has been, argued for an eternity. It is clear there are vast similarities, likewise differences between Judaism and Islam. Personally, I do not believe in any religion, though they are quite interesting to study.

Stalin- an Evil Dictator?

Stalin: Man or Monster 1. Source A shows Stalin as a man intent on destroying the prosperity of Russia and destroying its people. In contrast, source B is showing the opposite. Source A shows Stalin proudly presenting ‘the USSR’s pyramids’ made of the skulls of the people. He has a big grin on his face. Meanwhile, source B shows Stalin talking with the workers at a new power station. He is presented as wanting to connect with this people and caring by how he is taking with what is regarded as the lower-class when he is regarded as the most important person in Russia.Source C presents Stalin as the spirit of Russia and the symbol of power of Russia by how he is very large in comparison to everything around him which emphasises his power and strength as does the huge army around him. In comparison, source A shows Stalin as the symbol of the destruction of Russia because of the large quantities of human skulls with Stalin presenting them with a smile show how he is p lanning to destroy Russia which is the exact antithesis of source C. Source B and source C both show Stalin as pro the development of Russia.Source B shows Stalin in front of a brand new power station which shows that he is industrious and looking out for the people of Russia by improving their lives. Source C also shows Stalin leading the Russians to victory in the war and he is the subject of the poster which directly links him to all Russian success and power. Both of these sources put Stalin in a positive light. 2. Source D presents Stalin as a caring and brave man who is the only man in a position of power who cares for others because he talks about how he saved a man from drowning when others did not care.Although Stalin wrote it and therefore it is probably not factual but just propaganda, it still is useful as it says a lot about him. If this was made public then it can be argued that Source D was used as propaganda in order to win the hearts of the people after the war. It was written in 1945 so just after the war and the last sentence indicates that it was possibly used to get people on his side. Stalin says that ‘it seemed to me that the lack of concern our leaders show towards the people is the same as I met in far-off Asia’.The fact that he uses the word ‘our’ in relation to the leaders indicates that he was distancing the himself from the mistakes made and trying to say that he is just like anyone else. Also the reference to ‘Asia’ indicates he is trying be one of the soldiers as he had fought for Russia and that he is trying to sympathise with them after many millions of Russians died. However this last sentence could also be Stalin apologising for his mistakes with The Great Purges when 18 million people were sent to labour camps called Gulags of which 10 million died.This seriously weakened the USSR as many able people were taken away. Also he is trying to claim that he is very caring by using the story a bout a comrade being left behind in the floods. He says that ‘when asked where he was, they (other comrades) replied with no interest that he remained at the river’. This shows Stalin attempting to present himself as the only caring person in a position of power. This gives further evidence that Stalin believed he was a very caring person and good leader which can be argued as very arrogant as he never really showed this to his people when he was in power.In conclusion, Source D, although it is unlikely that it is true, says a lot of useful things about Stalin and what he was believed. It shows him as very arrogant as he may be trying to distance himself from the mistakes of his regime and also because he thinks he is caring when from historical evidence he was not. Also, if it was published which seems almost certain, it shows that he was a determined man as he tried to make sure his position was safe by using a propaganda story which is probably not true. 3. Both Sour ce E and Source F are written by people with very different views of Stalin.In Source E’s information it says it was published in ‘Pravda, the newspaper of the Communist Party’ whilst in Source F it says it was written by a man called Bukharin who ‘was a victim of Stalin’s purges’. This means that both are likely to subjective as the writer of Source F is anti-Stalin whilst Source E is pro-Stalin therefore not very reliable . Having said this, Bukharin’s view of Stalin is more likely to be correct as he was taken advantage of when Stalin was a candidate for Lenin’s position. Stalin took Bukharin’s side in the debate on the NEP in order to get rid of his main threat-Trotsky.Once he achieved this he used Trotsky’s argument to oppose Bukharin. This there for means that Bukharin has seen, firsthand, what Stalin’s actual character is. Source E presents Stalin as a very caring leader and an ‘inspired leaderâ €™. However, Source F presents him as the antithesis of this and a ‘devil’. Again based on historical fact, Source F is more likely to be accurate as history shows that Stalin was an evil man. For example the purges when 10 million people died. Source F is also very accurate in its description of Stalin’s feelings to others who are better than him. It says that ‘if someone speaks better than he does†¦Stalin will not let him live’. This is very accurate as Kirov, who got more applause than Stalin at the Seventeenth Party Congress, was murdered. There was a lot of talk of removing Stalin as leader, and Kirov seemed to be emerging as a popular alternative. Stalin is believed to have him murdered and also he sent many other leading communists to labour camps because he felt they were a threat. However Source F does have its limitations because it does not cover all aspects of Stalin’s personality because he was actually a very successful leader. And this is where source E has reliable information even if it is slightly exaggerated.Stalin got the Russian industry at its peak and his Five-year Plans, although they had disadvantages, were very successful. Pig iron production in 1927 was 3. 3 million tons but after the second Five-Year Plan in 1937 in was 14. 5 million tons. In the same time coal production went from 35. 4 million tons to 128 million tons. This shows that Stalin was actually very successful and this is reflected in some people’s opinion he was regarded as the greatest Russian leader to date. Source E agrees with this opinion as it says ‘generations to come will regard us as the happiest of people because we lived in the same century as Stalin’.This is actually very reliable as many people did believe he was a great leader and in terms of statistics he successfully industrialised Russia. Source E also talks about his ‘strength’ as a leader. This is also very accurate info rmation as his army were the ones who drove the Germans back into Berlin and finished off the war. In conclusion, based on reliability Source F is the more reliable as it shows the negative side of Stalin which is contextually correct as he shows it in his actions towards Kirov and other leading communists who some had said should be leader instead of him.Having said this, Source F portrays Stalin as only pure evil when he did do some positive things. This is where Source E has some reliable information as it talks about Stalin’s strengths even if the source is a bit melodramatic about it. 4. A leader of a country can be a strong and great leader and a monstrous tyrant. Stalin was a man who people had different views on and many felt feel into this category. Although he modernised Russian agriculture and successfully industrialised Russia he was also responsible for the death of millions of innocent Russians. Source B presents all that was good about Stalin in his rule.Its sh ows Stalin in front of a new power station talking with his happy workers. It presents him as industrious and caring for his workers. This is supported by historical evidence. He had many new flats buildings built for the working-class and from 1927-1937 electricity production went from 5. 05 thousand million kilowatt hours to 36. 2 thousand million kilowatt hours. This shows how he improved life in Russia. Having said this, historian SJ Lee said ‘there is evidence that he [Stalin] exaggerated Russia’s industrial deficiency in 1929’ and that the foundation of industrialisation were already there making his job easy.This could be factually correct as the Tsar had started industrialising Russia way back in 1905. Despite this Source B still presents Stalin as a very good leader and a caring man. Source C presents Stalin as the most important man in Russia and the leader of the Russian army as in the picture he is bigger than the whole army. This presents in a positi ve manner a not a monstrous tyrant but more of a militaristic leader. This is backed by the fact that when he was in power Russian won World War 2 for the allies with the final push into Berlin.The writing in the source is translated as ‘using the spirit of Stalin our army and country are faithful and strong’. This is very true as in the time of Stalin Russia were the biggest threat to the USA as the biggest power in the world. He also did become regarded as the symbol of Russian might by everyone. In 1925 the city of Volgograd was renamed Stalingrad to recognise Stalin’s role in its defence from the Whites in 1918-20. This source shows Stalin as a very powerful leader and the spirit of Russia and not a monstrous tyrant at all.Source E emphatically praises Stalin as ‘inspired’ and tells everyone that they were ‘the happiest of people because we lived in the same century as Stalin’. And this is not entirely rubbish. Although at points in his rule the Russian people were miserably as 18 million of them were in Gulags, for a lot of his rule only good things happened to Russia. Industry improved rapidly and Russia won a war in his time. Many regarded him as the greatest leader in Russia’s history. However it was written by a writer in the congress of soviets and therefore was closely linked to Stalin.This makes it likely that he wrote this speech in order to appease Stalin and get in his good books. This source portrays Stalin as a great man and leader who was the best leader Russia had had. It shows him as the antithesis of a monstrous tyrant. Source H talks only about the side of Stalin which was actually true: that he was a good leader and had an ‘iron will’. Of this there is no doubt as he did what he wanted. He was indeed a good leader and was always clear with his decisions as the source. However this source is certainly going to be pro-Stalin as it was written in Russia in his rule and was hi s biography.This shows that it therefore would not talk about the other side of his personality which was arguably a monstrous tyrant. However despite this, what source H is saying is not just lies and is based on truth. This source indicates that he is not a monstrous tyrant but a respected leader which is not wrong. Source D dissociates Stalin from the mistakes of the leaders in the war and also dissociates him from the great purges when millions of Russians died. It is also presenting him as one of the people by how it says ‘our leaders’.The use of the possessive adjective ‘our’ shows him not only distancing himself from the past mistakes in his rule but trying to connect with the people. Source D also shows him as a caring man as he looked out for his one missing comrade in the story. This source is not however really backed by historical evidence as he was not one for caring for individuals and in fact he was the one who on his own started the Great Pu rges and sent many to gulags. Also the fact that it was written by Stalin himself indicates that the story is almost certainly made up and only propaganda.However, taking the source for what it is, it shows that Stalin was a very caring man who was one the people. In actual fact he was quite the opposite. Source I is probably the fairest judgement of Stalin and his time in power. It separates Stalin’s great ability as a leader from his evil personality. The fact that it was published in Britain and in 1983 means that it is unlikely to have any reason to be pro or anti-Stalin. This source describes him as a ‘very skilled, indeed gifted politician’. This is a true statement as he very cleverly manipulated people and Trotsky’s underestimation of him to become leader over Trotsky.This shows a very good political mind and intelligence to outwit even the best politicians. Source I then concludes that Stalin was a not a good man and that ‘he had a dark and evil side to his nature’. This is also very true as he had many sent to Gulags in order that he would look powerful. Of the 18 million people sent to Gulags 10 million died. And he never officially conceded that he made a mistake and never said he regretted it. This shows a very sinister side to him which Source I correctly points out. Also he was evil in the way that he got rid of many artists and virtually destroyed the right to express freewill in Russia.This can only be the work of someone who is soulless and evil. In conclusion, although this source looks at Stalin’s positives, it still portrays him as a monstrous tyrant. Source A dwells on the negatives of Stalin’s rule. The ‘pyramids’ of skulls is a reference to the Great Purges when 18 million Russians were sent to Gulags of which 10 million died. This source also seems to show that Stalin does not care and in fact is very proud of his work. This is actually not complete rubbish as Stalin ne ver did publicly apologise or even say he regretted it.However, the fact it was published in Paris indicates that it may be a bit anti-communism as France was a country which did not embrace communism at all. Although we do not know when in the 1930s it was published- before, after or during the Purges- it is a very accurate source as many died due to Stalin’s policies. This source indicates that Stalin was a monstrous Tyrant. Source J literally describes Stalin as a ‘monstrous tyrant’. However, as oppose to saying he was a good politician but also a malevolent human being, it suggests that was corrupted by ‘absolute power’ which ‘turned a ruthless politician into a monstrous tyrant’.This gives another idea about Stalin’s personality. There was no doubt that he was a ruthless politician. For example, after using Bukharin’s argument to defeat Trotsky, he then turned it round on Bukharin and used that argument to disgrace him . However after Stalin’s decisions do not really show politics in them but more him being paranoid about his position and therefore doing acts of hostility. For instance, his decision to start ‘purging’ Russia of all people he thought were a threat to the state ( or a threat to his position†¦ ) did not show clever politics but more panic leading to monstrous acts.This source present Stalin as a man who may of been great politician in the past but then this ability of his turned into shear malicious tyranny. Source F concentrates on the dark side of Stalin’s personality. It says that ‘if someone speaks better than he does†¦ Stalin will not let him live’. This is debatably a very accurate description of Stalin as he was rumoured to have had Kirov, a communist who became very popular and some people thought should replace Stalin at the time, was murdered and many believe that Stalin was behind the murder.Stalin also sent many loyal Bols heviks to Gulags in the infamous ‘show trials’ for being traitors of the state. Although these people confessed, Stalin most probably forced them to confess by threatening them with death and the death of their families. He did this because he was scared they would take away his power. Having said this, this source is likely to be subjective as Bukharin, the writer of the source, was disgraced by Stalin in 1929. Also it is a very one-sided source as it says that Stalin was pure evil when he did do good things for Russia.To conclude, although it is slightly opinionated, Source F gives a fairly accurate account of what was wrong with Stalin and displaces him as malicious and as the devil. Source G points the finger at Stalin by accusing him of using ‘terror’ to defend communism. However, this source is almost certainly prejudiced against Stalin as Khrushchev, who said source G and became leader after Stalin, would have been trying to distance himself from the worst parts of Stalin’s rule by condemning him. Although, Source G does have some correct ideas as it says that Stalin was a ‘distrustful man’.This is an accurate description of Stalin as he had many sent to Gulags because he thought they were plotting against him. He also acted very suspiciously at the Potsdam Conference in August 1945 when in February that year at the Yalta conference he had been very united with the other allies. At Potsdam Conference he disagreed with the other allies about what to do with Germany, about reparations and over soviet policy in Eastern Europe, where Russian troops dominated. Truman, the USA president at the time, became suspicious of Stalin and his intentions, as did Stalin.This distrusted lead to the Iron curtain and the cold war. To conclude, Although Khrushchev was not likely to have praised Stalin in this situation, Source G is a very accurate description of Stalin and portrays him as untrustworthy character and malicious t yrant. In conclusion, the sources do not give a conclusive idea to whether he is a monstrous tyrant or not because five of them are anti-Stalin and 5 pro-Stalin. However, based on the fact that many of the Pro-Stalin Sources are either written by Stalin or as propaganda, the ources show that he more of monstrous tyrant. Also the sources which focus on his industrious nature and his successes in improving industry do not take into account how many people died in this process and that Russia’s industry had been improving a lot for the twenty years before Stalin came to power. In essence his job on that was made easy and some historians argue that this process would have happened just as successfully with any leader. A leader can be great at being a politician and be industrious yet still be a monstrous.My personal opinion is just that, that he was a great leader and politician however a very evil man and therefore a monstrous tyrant. Source I sums up Stalin as a person. It says Stalin is ‘very skilled, indeed gifted politician and one of the greatest political figures of the twentieth century’ however it also says ‘he had a dark and evil side to his nature’. This summarises perfectly Stalin’s life: he was a great leader of a country however he was still a very evil man and a monstrous tyrant.

Contingency Theories of Leadership

Contingency Theories of Leadership The contingency theory, as applied in leadership, considers various factors that contribute to a leader’s effectiveness by interaction with his or her leadership behaviour. According to contingency theories, there is not any particular leadership style suited for all the situations (Betts 2011, p.123).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Contingency Theories of Leadership specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More A leadership style effective in particular situations may be unsuccessful in others. The evaluation of particular variables in a given environment such as the quality of followers, establishes the most appropriate style in a particular situation. This phenomenon explains the observation of an effective leader becoming considerably unproductive when transferred to a different working environment or the prevailing factors in the old environment changes. Fiedler’s, Hersey and Blanchard’s, and the path-g oal theories provide the three major approaches of isolating situational variables in leadership. Fiedler’s contingency theory identifies the subordinates’ personality and attitude, task structure and the leader’s position in terms of power as the variables that influence leadership effectiveness. This model asses the performance of a leader by evaluating the output of the work group under the leader’s supervision (Brock 2012, p.1). Moreover, the theory assumes that the level of favourability of a situation to a leader is dependent on the degree to which the situation permits the leader’s influence on the group members’ behaviour. This aspect of the theory defines effective leadership as the ability to influence others in the aim of achieving organizational goals. According to this model, there are two categories of leaders. These are the task-oriented and person-oriented leaders. The task-oriented leaders’ main concern is the accompl ishment of tasks with desirable outputs (Jarvis 2006, p. 106). In this regard, they fail to attain their results because they are less concern with the group members and thus cannot appropriately deal with ineffective teamwork. The person-oriented leaders considerably value their team members, and this hampers their accomplishment of tasks due to minimal contribution of some members to the task achievement. These two types of leaders are effective under different conditions. The task-oriented leader achieves better results in both the extreme cases of favourable or unfavourable circumstances. On the other hand, the person-oriented leader achieves better results under moderately favourable conditions.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More According to Fiedler’s theory, effective leadership is factor of the personality and style of a leader and the working environme nt. These aspects considerably determine the success of leadership. While Fiedler’s theory assumes that leadership styles are consistent and difficult to change, and thus leaders must be placed in an environment that fits their leadership style, the Hersey and Blanchard model and the Path-goal theory assume that any leader is capable of adapting to new environments and display the required effectiveness in any given situation. He or she can adjust the leadership style to work efficiently in diverse situations (Williams 2011, p. 407). Furthermore, Fiedler’s model stipulates that if the situation is not optimal for a particular leader, the situation require change or the leader should undergo a replacement in order to improve leadership effectiveness. The situation can undergo change to fit the leader through such means as task restructuring or minimising the leader’s power over various control factors. The Hersey and Blanchard situational leadership model focuses on three major leadership aspects. These are the task behaviour, relationship behaviour, and maturity. According to this model, leaders have to vary their emphasis on tasks and relationship behaviours in order to deal with different levels of maturity among team members. Concerning the task behaviour, the leader engages in a one-way communication by outlining each worker’s task. In this aspect, the workers cannot give feedback to their leader. The relationship behaviour examines a two-way communication between the leader and the workers. In this aspect, there are channels for feedback and the leader can offer support and guidance to the subordinates and act as a facilitator. Maturity describes the readiness of an individual to take control of his or her behaviour considering that there are varying degrees of maturity among people about a specific task or objective in question. Under situational leadership model, an effective leader should identify the different levels of rea diness among followers concerning the performance of particular tasks and apply the most suitable style. This will enable the leader to respond with more flexibility and thus enhance followers’ maturity (Borkowski 2009, p.201). When the leader establishes a high level of a follower’s maturity, he or she can adopt the delegation style, which requires minimal interventions. On the other hand, the identification of low levels of maturity in a follower requires the adoption of a style that emphasis on the particular task. Among other things, an effective leader will give instructions in scenarios where followers lack the capability or are unwilling to effectively accomplish the allocate tasks.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Contingency Theories of Leadership specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The leader should adopt styles that encourage followers to share ideas and thus gain more understanding and confiden ce regarding the task in question. This model enables leaders to acknowledge the need for continual followers’ skills improvement through training and other development measures (DeRue et al. 2010, p. 640). The path-Goal Theory discusses the effects of four types of leadership styles on the subordinates attitudes and expectations. These are the supportive, directive, achievement-oriented, and participative styles. By analysing various situational factors, an effective leader opts for the style that provides strong Path-goal indications and incentives. The leader should avoid a style that induces redundancy and aggravations within the environmental structure sources or is not congruent with the employee characteristic (Kotlyar Karakowsky 2006, p.400). The directive style ensures that followers adhere to the stipulated rules and regulations regarding tasks. Although this style facilitates better results concerning ambiguous tasks, it is ineffective in well-structured and clear ly defined tasks as it introduces redundancy. The supportive style entails a friendly and supportive leader to the employees (Gutpa 2009, p.1). It creates a supportive environment in structured tasks, but is inappropriate when there are already other sources of encouragement such as the organization. The participative styles are appropriate for ambiguous tasks as they allow employee selection of tasks and influence of decisions. The achievement-oriented behaviours are suitable for ambiguously structured tasks. The Path-goal theory postulates that the subordinates’ behaviour and environmental characteristics determine the leadership style used, and the performance pertaining to various assigned tasks. The Path-goal theory differs from the Fiedler’s model in that it considers the individual leadership styles to vary as situations within an organization change (Chance Chance, 2002, p. 114). In addition, the Path-goal theory definition of the effectiveness of a leader, wh ich entails the followers’ satisfaction and motivation, differs from Fielders’ definition in this regard. According to this theory, effective leaders increase their subordinates’’ motivation and satisfaction by supporting them in their pursuance of important goals.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More They should demonstrate to them the value of various outcomes under their control and clarify the paths to these outcomes. An effective leader will embark on the eradication of barriers that may arise during the pursuance of crucial goals. All the three theories focus on the extent to which the leader emphasizes on tasks and structuring issues while considering the relationship-relevant supportive and participative behaviours. However, the leadership variable in the Fielder’s model is a motivational orientation rather than a set of behaviours despite the assumptions that the orientations relate to the behaviours (Schermerhorn 2011, p. 267). From a leadership perspective, Fiedler’s model and the Path-goal theory offer some insight into variable that affect the effectiveness of a leader. The two theories are considerably aligned concerning the conditions under which task-oriented or directive style of leadership are desirable. Both models concur on the use of the task-or iented style of leadership in cases where there are no clear guidelines regarding tasks. Although the Fiedler’s model failed to address the processes, by which the leader’s motivational orientation affects group processes and outcomes, the Path-goal theory has identifies the specific variables that need address in defining the followers’ motivation (Chemers 1997, p. 45). The Path-goal and the Heresy and Blanchard models shared a lot as they attempt to describe the appropriate leadership behaviour using similar parameters such as various leadership styles applicable in different situations. Both models consider how well the subordinate understand the relevant actions in the accomplishment of their tasks. Fiedler’s model disregards the followers’ aspect of the ability and willingness to take responsibility concerning a particular task as an important aspect of effective leadership. The Path-goal model has made numerous assumptions in this aspect. How ever, the situational leadership theory considers various behaviours of a follower that might affect the expected outcome and outlined the most appropriate leader’s response in order to facilitate the realization of organizational goals. References Betts, S. C. (2011). Contingency Theory: Science Or Technology?. Journal of Business Economic Research, 1(8), 123-130. Borkowski, N. (2009). Organizational behavior in health care (2nd ed.). Jones and Bartlett Publishers: Sudbury, Mass. Brock, D. M. (2012). Toward a contingency theory of planning. Journal of Management Organization, 1, 1. Chance, P. L., Chance, E. W. (2002). Introduction to educational leadership organizational behavior: theory into practice. Eye On Education: Larchmont, N.Y. Chemers, M. M. (1997). An Integrative Theory of Leadership. Routledge: London. DeRue, D. S., Barnes, C. M., Morgeson, F. P. (2010). Understanding the Motivational Contingencies of Team Leadership. Small Group Research, 41(5), 621-651. Gut pa, A. (2009). Path-Goal Leadership. Leadership and Development , 1, 1. Jarvis, M. (2006). Sport Psychology: A Students Handbook, Volume 10. Psychology Pres: Hove. Kotlyar, I., Karakowsky, L. (2006). Leading Conflict? Linkages Between Leader Behaviors and Group Conflict. Small Group Research, 37(4), 377-403. Schermerhorn, J. R. (2011). Exploring management (3rd ed.). John Wiley Sons: Hoboken, N.J. Williams, C. (2011). Effective Management: A Multimedia Approach. Cengage Learning: Detroit.

Week 3 Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Week 3 - Article Example Besides, the emergence of information communication technology and expansive public-private partnership exposes corporates to public scrutiny hence need for integrity. The cut-throat competition that characterize this era of globalization emphasizes the need for ethical business practices. This is a multi-dimensional approach that would benefit corporates through offering a competitive level ground. It takes virtue to achieve this noble course lest the corporate world collapse into an avalanche of mayhem. Recent cases of corporate fraud by some firms and irresponsible observations are blamed on managers (Havard, 2007). For instance, the unfair Walmart labor practices, BP oil spill in Gulf of Mexico have all served as the examples of the cost of non-virtuous corporate leaders. There is need to emphasize virtue during selection of corporate managers as it serves as a critical tool in the modern business world (Havard, 2007). Virtue has been a key tool of organization progress in the long run from the past and in this era of a complex socio-economic and political dynamism, it is even more important. It is therefore worth to assert the need to consider virtue as a central corporate leadership selection

The First Sino-Japanese War Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The First Sino-Japanese War - Essay Example The war proceeded for five years with the Japanese troops and navy triumphant over their Chinese adversaries until the capture of Weihaiwei after which the Chinese called for a ceasefire and peace in February 1895. Through the war, it could be seen that the Qing Dynasty had become a spent force after fighting in the Opium Wars in the nineteenth century. However, Japan under the Meijin Restoration had reformed considerably for the better and after the war; it exerted its superiority in all over East Asia to the detriment of the Self-Strengthening of the Qing Dynasty in China. The triumph of Japan in the First Sino-Japanese War can be attributed to its modern fleets as well as superior war tactics made possible through strategy, foresight and proper organization. The Chinese had an ineffective regime led by the inefficient and corrupt Qing Dynasty, which led to its defeat in the war. Japan, therefore, managed to reduce the influence of the Chinese in Korea with prosperity registered after the overthrow of the Korean king and a friendly Japanese government. Through this, the trade by Japan flourished thus making its economy to grow in bounds. However, the divisions created in Korea would later lead to the splitting of Korea into North and South Korea, each with an attachment to either Japan or China. The pro-Chinese Conservatives congregated around China forming North Korea while the pro-Japanese formed South Korea that leans towards Japan.

Patent Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Patent Law - Essay Example Patents are available for most industrially applicable processes and devices. They may cover: Mechanical devices, such as a mousetrap. It also covers methods for doing things, such as the method used for dyeing or bleaching fabrics. It also include chemical compounds, like for example, a new drug and mixtures of compounds, like that of an improved hand cream. Patents can also cover such diverse matters like vaccines for whooping cough, wire-strippers, and chemical processes (Coyle, 2008). The commercial benefit of a granted patent is that it gives the owner the right to prevent others from exploiting, without his consent, the invention for which a patent has been granted (What is n.d.). A granted patent is a property right which can be bought, sold, licensed to others or used as security. The owner of a granted patent might use it to protect a product or service, which he sells. Alternatively, or as well, he may grant a license to one or more parties, usually in exchange for royaltie s (Ibid). Patents in the UK, as elsewhere in the European Economic Area (EEA), have the duration of 20 years from their filing date, subject to payment of renewal fees and not being invalidated. As mentioned above, the duration for the protection of patents in the UK is 20 years and also renewable every 5 years. After this period of 20 year other people are free to produce or copy the invention. The reason why the term is set to 20 years is because the creator should have enough time to reap the rewards of creating his invention, his intellectual property. 20 years is more than enough time to get a market lead on any invention and has been at this length for... This essay describes and presents a study on the topic of patent law. A patent is a government issued right, that is granted to individuals or groups that protects their original inventions from being made, used, or sold by others without their permission for a set period of time. The law that protects and govern the patent in the UK is the Patent Act of 1977. It requires any new inventions to be a new invention; it can’t have existed before the invention was created. The researcher also discusses types of patents that are present in the United Kingdom today and the duration of these patents both in the United Kingdom and in Europe. Patent duration which is "the period in which the patent holder has monopoly rights to their invention, the granting of usage, distribution, and marketing rights to others, and the right to commercial benefit from such for a specific period". A patent is a form of intellectual property that provides the owner with an exclusive right to use and mark et an invention or process. The owner of a patent has the right to prevent others from using the invention or process without permission. For example, Pharmaceutical companies acquire patents in order to protect their drugs from competition. The researcher also analyzes the Patents Act 1977, that implements a statutory regime whereby an employee of a company may become entitled to a measure of financial reward or compensation where the employer has obtained a large benefit from a patented invention made by an employee.

Social Networking Sites Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 1

Social Networking Sites - Essay Example Carrying out marketing campaigns using social networking sites generally entails the following: planning – building an SMM plan is vital. The business needs to take into consideration keyword research and brainstorm content ideas which would interest the ideal customers. Content – consistent with other e-marketing areas, content is essential when it comes to SMM. The business should ensure that it offers valuable information that the target audience would find interesting. The business should make a variety of content by implementing infographics, videos as well as images besides content that is text-based (Evans 2013, p. 22). Blog – it is noteworthy that blogging is an imperative SMM tool which allow the business to share various content and information with the readers. Using blogs, the business can also blog about its recent social media events, contests and efforts. Tracking business rivals – it is generally essential to keep an eye on the competition as they could offer valuable SMM insight such as where to get links that are industry-related. They can also provide important data for keyword research. If the business rivals are utilizing a particular SMM technique that appears to be working for them effectively, the business can also do the same thing, but do it much better (Qing 2012, p. 38). Consistent Brand Image – the use of social networking sites for marketing purposes allows the firm to project its brand image across several dissimilar platforms of social media. Whist every platform has its own distinctive voice and environment, the core identity of the business should remain consistent. Links – whilst employing social networking sites for the purposes of marketing depends mainly on the business sharing its own original and distinctive... According to this paper social networking sites are good in supporting business. The various platforms of social media such as Pinterest, LinkedIn, Twitter, YouTube, Google+ and Facebook allow the enterprise to promote its products to its followers, and in so doing increase sales volume. Additionally, by engaging and interacting with customers, these social networking sites are also employed by businesses to improve customer care by responding to the clients’ questions and addressing their concerns. Nonetheless, there are a number of potential threats of using these sites for business. These threats include: acting as a platform where people with ill-intentions can generate spiteful negative comments which may hurt the reputation of the business; human error resulting in leaked corporate data; staff members of the business could make inappropriate comments on the social media account of the business; and malware attacks from external sources. However, these threats could be av oided by ensuring that the staff members are educated regarding security threats, and carrying out a wide-ranging data and access control strategy. The paper shows that in general, the best technique for preventing the potential threats that come about as a result of a business using social networking sites is to ensure that the staff members are educated regarding security threats that are associated with social networking websites. The enterprise can also carry out a wide-ranging data and access control strategy so as to prevent loss of data.

Best Teaching Aid Is Piece Of Chalk English Language Essay

Best Teaching Aid Is Piece Of Chalk English Language Essay As far back as I can remember, teachers had nothing else but a piece of chalk in school, some just had the plain white ones, while others had the multi coloured ones just to help make the lessons more interesting. Today, as a teacher I am overwhelmed by the multitude of teaching aids available, and even a little alarmed by the cutting edge technology available to me. It may be useful in certain ways, but can easily become confusing if a teacher is unfamiliar with it. But yet, even with all of this exceptional technology available, I still feel that a piece of chalk is still the best teaching tool available. It may not be cutting edge or modern technology, but its simplicity and usefulness is still by far the best instrument available to teachers. While a lot of my colleagues prefer new technology, I remain partial to the chalk. The black board is the main piece of equipment and if one uses it well and to its full potential, one will realize that modern equipments can take a step back. Not every language centre or school can provide us with the latest technology, as some may face strict budgets. Furthermore, I dont think that these modern gadgets are going to make you a better teacher and that student learning efficiency will be greatly increased. The black board and the chalk actually reminds them that they are back in school, for most of us grew up in these types of classrooms and environment, which helps to draw the students attention to the lesson at hand. Think for a moment, what you write and how you write on the board will be transferred into the students note pads and stamped in their minds. There is not one thing about the chalk that makes ones job unfeasible or is not within our reach, using a chalk and board to deli ver a lesson is a step forward that we have to pursue with our mind. A chalk is a teaching tool just like technology is, it is not just a writing tool. For years we have seen teachers using a white piece of chalk. Over time, dustless chalk was developed and eventually coloured ones appeared. The humble piece of chalk itself has evolved over time. Even though we use the blackboard to write our notes for the students, many teachers tend to rely on PowerPoint presentations. Yes, the basics are the same and yes, you can always save a bit of time as all you need to do is just plug in the computer to the projector. But what happens when there is a black out? Your notes are no longer visible and even with a backup generator, if your computer decides to give you trouble, everything your relied on and what was on it may well disappear. But the black board and your piece of chalk is still there. The backup generator will give you sufficient lighting and you can continue your lesson. I find that when you write and present your lesson, students find themselves mo re involved and interaction time is great, for you can always call on your students to write examples on the board themselves. And then again, think of how much, as a teacher, you will save on stationery when you use the chalk. When I was asked to use a classroom equipped with only a white board, I was quite happy at first because it appeared to be a step forward from the black board and chalk but soon, I realised that I needed more than just a black marker. I like to use colours when I teach, for example, verbs in red, adjectives in green and so on and I rapidly found myself spending much more on markers that dried up quite quickly. Obviously the white board may have other uses, such as acting as a screen if you are planning to show slides or a movie using the LCD projector but for teaching spelling or word stress, a board and a piece of chalk are still the best. With a piece of chalk, it is the capability of the user to employ all teaching methods and experiences to get through to and inspire the learners. Jeremy Harmer quotes: The most versatile piece of classroom teaching equipment is the board it provides a motivating focal point during whole-class grouping. With a piece of chalk we have greater influence on our students and we can also establish better connectivity with them. So how do you plan your lesson the old fashioned way? Well it is quite simple, your notes are there to guide you, if you have the opportunity to enter the classroom before your class starts, take advantage to write a few notes on the board, but dont clutter your blackboard, use different coloured chalks to make your point. You can even draw things like simple objects, you dont have to be an expert, and the fact you are using a chalk you can erase and try again. When you use new technologies, you cannot improvise your lesson because you are obligated to follow a set pattern of presentation but some students require additional attention or information and that piece of chalk allows you to become flexible in your lesson. You can erase and rewrite. The possibilities offered to teachers using a piece of chalk are endless. A teaching aid, like a piece of chalk, is just a tool to help us deliver our lesson. How effectively we use the chalk as a teaching tool is up to the teachers creativity because no matter how high tech is only as valuable and as motivating as its user.

Warrior Marks Essay -- essays research papers

Warrior Marks   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Female circumcision is a traditional ritual that is mostly practiced in Africa on young girls with ages that vary from birth to pre-pubescent. It is reported to have its origins (with varying degrees of reliability) in ancient Egypt. Female circumcision was also discovered being practiced in western India and eastern Asia until it was outlawed around the turn of the 20th century (common era). The procedure is varied through three different types of circumcision: Infibulation, clitoridectomy and Sunna. Clitoridectomy and Sunna are minor version of the circumcision with Infibulation being the most drastic. These practices cause serious health hazards in some women, which become greater in adult years with the introduction of menstruating, intercourse and childbirth. Clearly, there must be a powerful reason for this procedure to continue given the complications and mandatory repetitious post surgeries. Some accounting must be taken in order to understand why women are put in such peril. The answer lies in culture. A person's culture and background define the belief system and understanding that a person holds as innate truth. All choices and decisions are made because of culture and anything that is in direct opposition to culture affects the decision process and their beliefs. Other important elements to understanding the continuance of female circumcision are social and religious traditions, power/alienation relationships, and aesthetic tastes. Is this longstanding tradition necessary and if so are there ways to incorporate more conducive (sterile instruments, medically certified/experienced doctors, age limit, etc.) methods of performing the operation? However unnecessary an outsider may think the practice is, the irrevocable fact is that this tradition is an important element of cultural identity. If the operation somehow was not completed by a certain age in the girls life, she would be encouraged by her peers as well as her elders to seek out and request the circumcision. Different from most traditional practices in African, female circumcision is exclusively reserved for women’s presence and men are excluded from detailed knowledge of specific events. Females normally have these operations performed on them before or at puberty. It is common for the mother or other close relative usually holds the girl in pa... ...iciently abhorrent that we will actively work to change the behavior. I would recommend that the United Nations take a more practical stand on the issue and begin to put in place alternatives that will at the very least make the practice of female circumcision more sanitary. These organizations offer condoms to reduce the spread of aids and food resources to incite healthy eating habits so they should begin to train these countries to complete the practice in exact medical form. This does no mean that the United Nations or any other organization agrees with the practice, it simply means that positive efforts are being made towards reducing unnecessary after effects. We will never be able to address whether or not the process is necessary because we do not understand the culture. However, we can make it better. Everyone in America does not agree with abortion, which could be considered female genital mutilation, however the choice to have the procedure done is available and it is available under medically trained doctors that are focused on keeping the patient safe. The patients of female circumcision should also have these options available. To understand does not mean to condone.

Case 6-1 Browning Manufacturing

Michellee Marie B. Chavez 2004-39460 BM 220 – Management Accounting 1) BROWNING MANUFACTURING COMPANY T-Accounts Cash Accounts Receivable Notes Payable 2,604,000. 00 144,000. 00 2,562,000. 00 49,200. 00 288,840. 00 118,440. 00 78,000. 00 311,760. 00 19,200. 00 264,000. 00 264,000. 00 492,000. 00 2,604,000. 00 552,840. 00 198,000. 00 2,873,760. 00 2,672,400. 00 49,200. 00 201,360. 00 Interest Expense 135,600. 00 38,400. 00 522,000. 00 Finished Goods 38,400. 00 38,400. 00 257,040. 00 1,806,624. 00 788,400. 00 1,901,952. 00 Indirect Manufacturing Labor 9,000. 00 2,158,992. 00 1,806,624. 0 198,000. 00 36,000. 00 352,368. 00 198,000. 00 52,200. 00 2,986,440. 00 2,542,800. 00 Manufacturing plant and equipment Direct Manufacturing Labor 443,640. 00 2,678,400. 00 492,000. 00 144,000. 00 492,000. 00 Prepaid taxes and insurances 2,822,400. 00 66,720. 00 52,800. 00 Materials 78,000. 00 Accounts Payable 110,520. 00 811,000. 00 144,720. 00 52,800. 00 788,400. 00 825,000. 00 825,000. 00 91, 920. 00 66,000. 00 935,520. 00 811,000. 00 185,760. 00 124,520. 00 788,400. 00 1,076,760. 00 Income Taxes Payable 288,360. 00 Work in Process 9,000. 00 9,000. 00 172,200. 00 1,901,952. 00 5,800. 0 Selling and Administrative Expense 811,000. 00 9,000. 00 14,800. 00 522,000. 00 1,129,200. 00 5,800. 00 522,000. 00 2,112,400. 00 1,901,952. 00 210,448. 00 Supplies Depreciation :: 17,280. 00 61,200. 00 140,400. 00 492,000. 00 66,000. 00 907,200. 00 198,000. 00 83,280. 00 61,200. 00 1,047,600. 00 49,200. 00 22,080. 00 135,600. 00 52,800. 00 Capital Stock Income Tax Expense 61,200. 00 1,512,000. 00 58,000. 00 140,400. 00 1,512,000. 00 58,000. 00 1,129,200. 00 Sales Cost of Goods Sold Power, Heat and Light 2,562,000. 00 1,806,624. 00 135,600. 00 2,562,000. 00 1,806,624. 00 135,600. 00 Sales Returns and Allowances Sales Discounts Social Security Taxes 19,200. 00 49,200. 00 49,200. 00 19,200. 00 49,200. 00 49,200. 00 Retained Earnings 829,560. 00 36,000. 00 68,576. 00 36,000. 00 898,136. 00 862,136. 00 Statement of Retained Earnings Retained earnings, 12/31/09 $829,560. 00 Add net income 68,576. 00 898,136. 00 Less dividends 36,000. 00 Retained earnings, 12/31/10 $862,136. 00 BROWNING MANUFACTURING COMPANY Projected 2010 Statement of Cost of Goods Sold Finished Goods Inventory, 1/1/10 $257,040. 00 Work in process inventory, 1/1/10 $172,200. 00 Materials used 811,000. 00 Plus: Factory expenses Direct manufacturing labor 492,000. 00 Factory Overhead: Indirect manufacturing labor $198,000. 00 Power, heat and light 135,600. 00 Depreciation of plant 140,400. 00 Social security taxes 49,200. 00 Taxes and insurance, factory 52,800. 00 Supplies 61,200. 00 637,200. 00 2,112,400. 00 Less: Work in process inventory, 12/31/10 210,448. 00 Cost of goods manufactured 1,901,952. 00 2,158,992. 00 Less: Finished goods inventory, 12/31/10 352,368. 00 Cost of goods sold $1,806,624. 00 2) BROWNING MANUFACTURING COMPANY Projected 2010 Income Statement Sales 2,562,000. 00 Less: Sales returns and allowances 19,200. 00 Sales discounts allowed 49,200. 00 68,400. 00 Net Sales 2,493,600. 00 Less: Cost of Goods Sold 1,806,624. 00 Gross margin 686,976. 00 Less: Selling and administrative expense 522,000. 00 Operating Income 164,976. 00 Less: Interest Expense 38,400. 00 Income before federal and state income tax 126,576. 00 Less: Estimated income tax expense 58,000. 00 Net Income 68,576. 00 BROWNING MANUFACTURING COMPANY Projected 2010 Balance Sheet Assets Current Assets: Cash and marketable securities $443,640. 00 Accounts receivable (net of allowance for doubtful accounts) 201,360. 00 Inventories: Materials $124,520. 00 Work in process 210,448. 00 Finished goods 352,368. 00 Supplies 22,080. 00 709,416. 00 Prepaid taxes and insurance 91,920. 00 Total current assets 1,446,336. 00 Other Assets: Manufacturing plant at cost 2,822,400. 00 Less: Accumulated depreciation 1,047,600. 00 1,774,800. 00 Total Assets $3,221,136. 00 Liabilities and Shareholders' Equity Current liabilities: Accounts Payable $288,360. 00 Notes Payable 552,840. 00 Income Taxes payable 5,800. 00 Total current liabilities $847,000. 00 Shareholders' equity: Capital stock 1,512,000. 00 Retained earnings 862,136. 00 Total Liabilities and Shareholders' Equity $3,221,136. 00 Comparative Statement of Cost of Goods Sold, Projected 2010 vs. 2009 20092010% change Finished Goods Inventory, 1/1/10 218,820. 00 257,040. 00 17. 47% Work in process inventory, 1/1/10 137,760. 00 172,200. 00 25. 00% Materials used 663,120. 00 811,000. 00 22. 30% Direct manufacturing labor 419,040. 00 492,000. 00 17. 41% Indirect manufacturing labor 170,640. 00 198,000. 00 16. 03% Power, heat and light 116,760. 00 135,600. 00 16. 14% Depreciation of plant 126,600. 00 140,400. 00 10. 90% Social security taxes 42,120. 00 49,200. 00 16. 81% Taxes and insurance, factory 46,320. 00 52,800. 00 13. 99% Supplies 56,880. 00 61,200. 00 7. 9% Work in process inventory, 12/31/10 172,200. 00 210,448. 00 22. 21% Finished goods inventory, 12/31/10 257,040. 00 352,368. 00 37. 09% Comparative Income Statement, Projected 2010 vs. 2009 2009 2010 % change Sales 2,295,600. 00 2,562,000. 00 11. 60% Sales returns and allowances 17,640. 00 19,200. 00 8. 84% Sales discounts allowed 43,920. 00 49,200. 00 12. 02% Cost of Goods Sold 1,568,280. 00 1,806,624. 00 15. 20% Selling and administrative expense 437,160. 00 522,000. 00 19. 41% Interest Expense 34,080. 00 38,400. 00 12. 68% Estimated income tax expense 89,520. 00 58,000. 00 -35. 21% Net Income 105,000. 00 68,576. 0 -34. 69% Comparative Balance Sheet, Projected 2010 vs. 2009 2009 2010 % change Cash and marketable securities 118,440. 00 443,640. 00 274. 57% Accounts receivable 311,760. 00 201,360. 00 -35. 41% Materials 110,520. 00 124,520. 00 12. 67% Work in process 172,200. 00 210,448. 00 22. 21% Finished goods 257,040. 00 352,368. 00 37. 09% Supplies 17,280. 00 22,080. 00 27. 78% Prepaid taxes and insurance 66,720. 00 91,920. 00 37. 77% Manufacturing plant at cost 2,678,400. 00 2,822,400. 00 5. 38% Accumulated depreciation 907,200. 00 1,047,600. 00 15. 48% Accounts Payable 185,760. 00 288,360. 00 55. 23% Notes Payable 288,840. 0 552,840. 00 91. 40% Income Taxes payable 9,000. 00 5,800. 00 -35. 56% Capital stock 1,512,000. 00 1,512,0 00. 00 0. 00% Retained earnings 829,560. 00 862,136. 00 3. 93% The comparison shows that in 2010, it is projected that there will be a significant increase by 274. 57% in the company’s cash and marketable securities. It can also be noted that accounts receivables for 2010 is expected to go down by 35. 41%, meaning the company will have more and faster collections of receivables, thus, increase in cash can be expected. On the other hand, notes payable and accounts payable is projected to increase by 91. 40% and 55. 3% respectively, which indicates that the company will not be able to pay its financial obligations in due time. Their credit standing as a company will worsen, because the company’s expenses will be higher in 2010. They may have faster collections of receivables, however, payables and expenses increases, resulting to the inability of the company to become liquid. Aside from this, inventory turnover is expected to be low, meaning; the company will not be able to utilize its resources efficiently. It can also be attributed to the slight increase in sales which shows that the company is having a hard time disposing / using its resources. Due to these projections, net income is also expected to decrease in 2010. 3) The company will fail to achieve its notes payable repayment goal of a year-end cash balance of $150,000. 00 after paying off at least $350,000. 00 of the notes payable, because after repaying $350,000, year-end cash balance will decrease to $93,640, which is short of its $150,000 year-end cash balance. In order to achieve its minimum objective, the company should be able to increase its sales, and lessen the expenses as well as the payables. ) Management’s inventory turnover goal will not be achieved in 2010. Inventory turnover can be computed as: Cost of Goods Sold / Average Inventory 20091,568,280. 00/ [(218,820. 00+257,040. 00)/2] = 6. 59 20101,806,624. 00/ [(257,040. 00+352,368. 00)/2] = 5. 93 As shown in the above computation, inventory turnover in 2010 is lower than that of 2009. In the budget, inventory turnover goal is not indicated to be achieved. The company should analyze its market and d emand of the people in order to evaluate how many of the goods should be prepared and ordered by them. They should be aware of the average number of products that they should have and it will be determined based on the demand. They should also strategize by having effective marketing and selling techniques. 5) The budget shows that the company will have a poor credit trade standing due to its higher payables. This shows that the company is not able to pay its obligations in time, primarily because of its inability to monitor and control their expenses. Eventually, the company will have a hard time borrowing if there will have continuous past dues, thus, operations might soon be affected and eventually will not be sustained.